英语语法详解：由Take引导的片语动词

上一期举了20个由“get”引导的片语动词。这期要举些由“take”开头的实用词，数目较少，但也足够大家采用。一般上，以“take”引导的片语动词多数是多义的。比如“take in”一词，就有四个意思如下：

　　① 理解：“For a reader with only a basic knowledge of English, he will find the book Good English Made Simple difficult to take in.”

　　② 缩小：“My dress is a bit loose. Could you take it in a bit for me?”

　　③ 包括：“The total cost of the trip is $300，taking everthing in.”

　　④ 被骗（常以被动语态出现）：“As that salesman looked respectable, Susan was completely taken in.”

　　⑤ take up：开始学习
　　“The university wants its undergraduates to take up a regional language, if time permits.”

　　⑥ take after：外貌相像
　　“Though not exactly alike, Cathy takes after her mother in many ways.”

　　⑦ take on：承担（工作等）；聘请
　　“If you take on too much work at a time, you won't be able to do it efficiently. / Fast-food restaurants take on more assistants during school holidays.”

　　⑧ take back：收回
　　“When Ahmad discovered his mistake, he took back all he had previously said.”

　　⑨ take to：喜欢
　　“The moment the maid came to the house, the children seemed to take to her.

　　⑩ take up：占据；讨论；开始学习（见⑤）
　　“May I have a word with you? I won't take up too much of your time./ Financing the project is an issue the committee ought to take up when it meets again.”

　　● take off：扣除；（飞机）离地
　　“If you purchase more than $50, the shopkeeper will take off 5% from the bill./ The plane took off at the stipulated time.”

　　● take down：写下；拆散
　　“The students took down the main points of the lecture./ The mechanic took the engine down for servicing.”

　　● take out：邀请……出外；订购
　　“Do you often take your parents out at weekends?/ I have taken out an annual subscription for Reader's Digest.”

　　● take out on：对……发泄自己的情绪
　　“I know you are angry with your office staff, but you should not take your anger out on your family members.”

　　● take……upon……：以后再询问或接受
　　“Today's meeting is over. If you have any more questions, please take me upon them next time./ I can't come out with you tonight, but I will take you upon your offer of a meal another time.”

　　● take away from：减损
　　“Sam's failure to win the prize this time does not take away from his chance of winning one in future.”

　　● Take……with……：向某人提出某事
　　“You can take the matter up with your Member of Parliament.”

　　● take out……against……：发出传票
　　“The traffic police have taken out a summons against the driver involved in the accident.”

　　● taken up with……：时间和精神多用在……
　　“Some kind-hearted people are very taken up with voluntary work.”

　　● taken with……：对……感兴趣；被……吸引住
　　“Many youngsters are much taken with the singer, Jack./ James is rather taken with Jason's idea.”