“情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计,是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳:
1. should (ought to) have+过去分词
表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”;其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have + 过去分词”,表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn‘t’ show up. (04‘广西卷)
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
[解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了,而他没有到”。故答案选[A].
2.needn't have+过去分词
表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。
As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning. (06‘陕西卷)
A. mayn‘t B. can’t
C. mustn‘t D. needn’t
[解析] He needn't have come,表示“他本没有必要来(实际却来了)”,根据句意,答案应选[D].
[注意] He didn't need to come yesterday,意为“他昨天没有必要来(实际也没来)”。
3.must have+过去分词
用于肯定句,表示“过去一定做过某事”,表示一种很有把握的推测。
[注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can‘t/couldn’t have +过去分词。
I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere . (05‘北京春季)
A. must drop
B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping
D. must have been dropped
[解析]本题应选B.本题的前一句说明一个结果,后一句则表示一个原因。
I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (05‘天津卷)
A. shouldn't B. couldn't
C. mustn't D. needn't
[解析]从题意上分析,本题的前一句陈述一个理由,后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[B] .
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