高考阅读理解 阅读文章中细节题的类型

在一篇文章中，细节的描写一般有五种类型，事实性细节， 描写性细节，说明性细节，比较活对比性细节以及说理性细节。

1事实性细节  这类细节描写指作者在叙述某事时使用的事实或数据 。如2006年 全国高考I  A 篇
  Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.

2描写性细节  这类细节描写通常是用来表达某种情绪与感情或某种印象，叙述亲眼目睹的一些事情等，如：2006 全国高考I  A篇 第一段
     Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds(灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.

3 说明性细节  这类细节描写在作者以解说或介绍的方式来说明事物或告诉人们如何做事，这类细节条理清楚，过度自然，因此在这类细节描写中常出现一些过渡词，如：first, second ,finally, also ,for  example ,for instance ,otherwise ,moreover ,therefore ,on the contrary ,on the other hand ,then ,now 等。如：2006全国高考 II  D篇
    The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended. First, don’t let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when you’re wrong – even if you’ve been wronged. Over the course of friendship, even the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person  takes wrong. Third, see things from your friend’s point of view(观点). And finally, accept that friendships changes as our needs and lifestyles(生活方式) change. Making friends can sometimes seem easy The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the nature ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture(培养).

4 比较或对比性细节 对比是指出同类事物的不同之处，或者是对两种不同的观点的对比；而比较则是把两种或多种事物相比较指出其相同的地方。如：2006天津高考E篇
      Attitude is an internal（内在的）state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual（个人）. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

5 说理性细节  为了使主题思想为读者所接受，往往需要陈述理由。
如：2006 天津高考C  篇
      Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers（剑）。 Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”